Daim ntawv tuab PVC nrog ib sab PE zaj duab xis

Keeb kwm ntawm PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride tau tshawb pom thaum ntxov li xyoo 1835 los ntawm Asmeskas V. Reno, thaum tshav ntuj irradiated vinyl chloride los tsim cov khoom dawb, uas yog, cov tshuaj chlorine sai. PVC tau pom ob zaug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, ib zaug los ntawm Henri Victor Regnault nyob rau hauv 1835 thiab ib zaug los ntawm Eugen Baumann nyob rau hauv 1872. Ob lub sij hawm, lub polymer tshwm li ib tug dawb khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug beaker ntawm vinyl chloride tso rau hauv tshav ntuj. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Lavxias teb sab chemist Ivan Ostromislensky thiab German Griesheim-Elektron chemist Fritz Klatte ib txhij sim siv PVC rau kev lag luam, tab sis qhov nyuaj yog yuav ua li cas ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj no, qee zaum brittle polymer. Xyoo 1912, German Fritz Klatte tau tsim cov PVC thiab thov rau patent hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis tsis muaj cov khoom tsim nyog tuaj yeem tsim ua ntej patent tas sij hawm.

Xyoo 1926, Waldo Semon ntawm BF Goodrich Company tau tsim cov PVC thiab thov rau patent hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Waldo Semon thiab BF Goodrich Company tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev ntawm plasticizing PVC los ntawm kev ntxiv ntau yam khoom siv hauv xyoo 1926, ua rau nws yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim rau kev ua cov khoom thiab sai sai pom ntau yam kev lag luam. Xyoo 1914, nws tau pom tias kev siv cov organic peroxides tuaj yeem ua kom cov polymerization ntawm vinyl chloride. Xyoo 1931, lub tuam txhab German tau txais txoj kev emulsion polymerization kom paub txog kev lag luam ntawm polyvinyl chloride. Xyoo 1933, WL Simon tau thov kom siv cov kuab tshuaj kub kub thiab tricresyl phosphate los ua kom sov thiab sib xyaw nrog PVC, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom muag polyvinyl chloride, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tiag tiag hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm PVC. Lub tuam txhab British Bonemen Chemical Industry Company, American Union Carbide Company thiab Goodrich Chemical Company tau tsim cov txheej txheem suspension polymerization ntawm vinyl chloride thiab ua cov ntawv thov ntawm PVC yuav luag tib lub sijhawm hauv xyoo 1936. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab txo cov kev siv hluav taws xob, Lub tuam txhab Fab Kis Saint-Gobain tau tsim cov txheej txheem polymerization ntau hauv xyoo 1956. Xyoo 1983, lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov khoom siv yog kwv yees li 11.1Mt, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim tau yog li 17:6Mt; nws yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws yas ntau yam tom qab polyethylene cov zis, suav txog li 15 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv yas. Tuam Tshoj tus kheej tsim PVC chav tsev tsim khoom tau muab tso rau hauv kev sim ntau lawm hauv Liaoning Jinxi Chemical Plant hauv xyoo 1956. Lub tsev 3kt tau raug tsim tawm hauv xyoo 1958, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm hauv xyoo 1984 yog 530.9kt.

PVC yog industrialized nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s. Txij li thaum xyoo 1930, rau lub sijhawm ntev, kev tsim cov polychloroethylene yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb cov yas. Thaum xyoo 1960s, polyethylene hloov PVC. Tam sim no, txawm hais tias PVC yas tau tso tawm mus rau qhov chaw thib ob, cov khoom tso tawm tseem tso nyiaj ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm. Ua ntej xyoo 1960, kev tsim cov tshuaj monomeric vinyl chloride yog tsim los ntawm calcium carbide acetylene, vim tias kev tsim cov calcium carbide yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob ntau thiab coke, thiab tus nqi siab. Tom qab kev lag luam ntawm ethylene oxychlorination los tsim vinyl chloride nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960s, lub teb chaws tig mus rau pheej yig dua roj av raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm PVC (kwv yees li 57 feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov hnyav) yog cov roj chlorine, ib qho khoom lag luam uas tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev lag luam alkali, nws tsis yog tsuas yog nplua nuj nyob hauv cov khoom siv raw, tab sis kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam alkali. cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam chlor-alkali thiab sib npaug ntawm cov roj chlorine. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm polyvinyl chloride hauv plastics tau poob qis, nws tseem tswj tau qhov kev loj hlob siab.

Cov khoom siv yas polyvinyl chloride yog dav siv, tab sis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -1970s, nws tau lees paub tias monomer vinyl chloride (VCM) nyob rau hauv polyvinyl chloride resin thiab cov khoom yog ib tug loj carcinogen, uas yuav undoubtedly cuam tshuam polyvinyl chloride rau ib tug yam twg. Kev loj hlob ntawm Chloro-Zenes. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg tau ua tiav qhov seem ntawm VCM los ntawm kev siv tsheb, kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm VCM hauv polyvinyl chloride resin yuav tsawg dua 10ppm, uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom siv huv huv thiab nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntawm polyvinyl chloride. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau VCM cov ntsiab lus hauv cov resin tsawg dua 5ppm, thiab cov seem VCM tom qab ua tiav tsawg heev. Nws yog qhov tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua zaub mov thiab ntim tshuaj thiab cov menyuam yaus ua si.